ON LOCALIZED ANTENNA ENERGY IN ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

On fluctuations in electromagnetic radiation

The question of fluctuations in electromagnetic radiation played an important part during the first period of the development of quantum theory. After having introduced (Einstein 1905) the conception of light quanta or photons in order to explain the observed phenomena of the photoelectric effect, Einstein (1909) considered the consequences of this idea for other properties of the radiation. Pl...

Electromagnetic Radiation Energy Harvesting – The Rectenna Based Approach

Energy and Thermodynamic Considerations Involving Electromagnetic Zero-Point Radiation

There has been recent speculation and controversy regarding whether electromagnetic zero-point radiation might be the next candidate in the progression of plentiful energy sources, ranging, for example, from hydrodynamic, chemical, and nuclear energy sources. Certainly, however, extracting energy from the vacuum seems counter intuitive to most people. Here, these ideas are clarified, drawing on...

Cylindrical electromagnetic waves with radiation and absorption of energy

Cylindrical electromagnetic waves have been examined mostly with a radiation condition applied at the radial far field. In modern optical technology, there are however growing number of applications where both radiation and absorption of energy should be taken into account. In order to illustrate the ramifications of such energy balance, we take plasmonic waves propagating around a metallic nan...

Electromagnetic radiation.

Electromagnetic fields (EMF) are ubiquitous in modern society. It is well known that exposure to strong fields can result in acute effects, such as burns; the mechanisms behind such effects are well established. There is, however, also a concern that long-term exposure to weak fields might have health effects due to an as-yet unknown mechanism. Because of the already widespread exposure, even s...